Birth defects are health conditions that are present at birth. They can affect any part of the body and cause various medical problems. Some birth defects are minor, while others can be life-threatening. This article will discuss the different types of birth defects, their causes, and their treatment options. We will also provide information on how to reduce the risk of birth defects.
There are two main types of birth defects: structural and functional. Structural defects affect the body’s structure, such as heart or brain malformations. Functional defects interfere with how the body works, such as a hearing problem or intellectual disability. The causes of these birth defects can be genetic (inherited), environmental (exposure to certain substances or radiation), or a combination of both.
Certain factors can increase the risk for structural and functional birth defects, including maternal age, health conditions such as diabetes and obesity, smoking, alcohol use, illegal drug use, and exposure to harmful chemicals. Taking folic acid before and during pregnancy may reduce the risk of defects. Pregnant women should talk to their healthcare providers about any medication, supplement, or substance they take before and during pregnancy, as some can increase the risk.
Birth defects are a major cause of infant death and disability in the United States. About 1 in 33 babies is born with a birth defect each year. Birth defects can range from minor physical features that require no treatment to major problems that require surgery, medications, and other treatments. Some birth defects may be apparent at birth while others may develop later in life. Common birth defects include heart defects, cleft lip or palate, spina bifida, and Down syndrome.
Birth defects can result from hereditary factors, environmental exposures, or a combination. Women who plan to become pregnant should talk with their doctor about any medicines, alcohol, tobacco, or other substances they take before and during pregnancy as some can increase birth defects. Taking folic acid before and during early pregnancy can help reduce some defects. Other steps women can take include having regular checkups, eating a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Most birth defects cannot be prevented, however, understanding the causes and risk factors associated with them is important to limit their occurrence. Treatment for birth defects depends on the type of defect and may involve medications, surgery, or other interventions. Early diagnosis and intervention are important for maximizing the chance of a successful outcome. In some cases, lifestyle modifications may also be necessary to reduce the complications from birth defects, such as avoiding alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy.
We hope this information on birth defects was helpful.